Puma is owned by Puma India, which is headquartered in Germany. We trace ownership to the ultimate parent — not just the local subsidiary — using public corporate filings and disclosures.

Our ownership score weighs four signals: equity ownership (40%), parent company country and strategic control (20%), manufacturing in India (10%), and revenue retained in India (10%), plus structural and HQ proxies. Full methodology is published at /methodology.

Indian-controlled alternatives in the same category include HRX. Each alternative is verified against the same ownership framework — strategic control, equity, and economic value retained in India.

Puma is primarily mapped to Fashion. We map every brand to its primary category and segment so you can compare like-for-like alternatives instead of unrelated products.

We re-verify ownership data on a rolling weekly cadence. Major changes — parent company shifts, classification flips, or score moves greater than 5 points — are published in the public ownership change log within 24 hours.